The EU, which has its roots in the early fifties, in a short time reached nearly all aims to which the founders had refereed. Establishing the major institutions and promoting its Member States to cooperate in economic, social, political and recently in military issues, the EU is going to attain the old aspiration of the Europeans, i.e., a United States of Europe. In this regard, the conclusion of the main Treaties and providing ways and procedures for cooperation in different sections, without doubt is the cornerstone of that unity.Nowadays, the major issue which has been tackled by the lawyers and politicians, both inside and outside of the EU, is the issue of the constitution for this intergovernmental organization as it is the illustration of the main will of the Europeans toward a likely federal states similar to that of the USA.The question of the possibility of having a constitution may arise. Further it may be asked whether or not the early Treaties would be regarded as having such status.This Article, having in mind the importance of these Treaties, is going to find out an acceptable answer to that and in case that the answer is affirmative, the possibility of these documents to be as the EU Constitution, will be considered.  

Regional technology and innovation development is one of the key factors in regional development in countries worldwide. Moreover, the increasing attention of policymakers to the topics related to regional innovation development, technology and innovation development in provinces increases the necessity of understanding different aspects of this concept and its conceptual framework so that policy actors are able to analyze and give policy advice. In line with the third generation of regional innovation policies and the theoretical foundations of the regional innovation system, in the EU, strategies such as the Regional Technology Program (later known as the Regional Innovation Strategy), "Regional Technology and Innovation Transfer Strategies and Infrastructures", "Technology Transfer Project" and "Research and Technology Development Policy" were applied. Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisations (RIS3) is the last version of regional innovation strategies presented by EU. This strategy is considered as an integrated and place-based agendas leading to economic transformation by making research and innovation more consistent with local strengths and competitive advantages. In this paper, while trying to conceptualize this strategy, the policy context as well as its dimensions and stages will be outlined.

Treaty of Maastricht had visualized provision that after attaining a common currency in 1999 the grounds should be prepared for a European constitution. This action plan was to be pursued by European elite who were patronizing European unity. In 2002 Valerie Giscard. D Estaing, the former French president, along with some specialists were assigned the task of compiling the draft of the constitution. But due to certain developments this draft of the constitution was faced with negation. These developments were, the sudden changes in Europe and the ensuing hesitation and reservation among the big and small countries of the European Union, the worries and concerns of some social layers of the European population who were protected by their government subsidy policy. As a result there was a negation of the European constitution. These reactions again raised doubt about the pace of European integration and its limits. This set back in the process of European unity led the Union officials to sign Lisbon Agreement of 2007. Now the question is to what extent can Europe advance in the process of unity? What will be the fate of the efforts to form a European constitution which is an intergovernmental agreement and could never substitute the national constitutions or what will be the future of other similar efforts?

The political and international relation's experts have not been able too define the European Union (EU) in legal and political terms. The reality is that the EU's charter is not clearly defined and due to this, most Europeans desire the exit of their countries through referendum. The purpose of this article is to present an EU new interpretation. The author believes that this union can be gradually substituted by a "Subsidiary Union".The titles such as federation, confederation, and even empire, republic, or a collection of countries are used for EU and all have failed to illuminate the true nature of this union. EU has never been a country, but a unique phenomenon.EU has avoided to become a country and the members of this union do not like this title and the centre of all these discrepancies arise from the fact that EU in contrast to practical experiences, political theories and philosophies insists on not becoming a country. Why is it so? The reasons are clear. On the one hand, the union's members have fear towards transferring their sovereignty and on the other hand, the other minor and major members know this unpleasant truth that it is probable to lose their sovereignty in globalization process. Unity and partnership are the only ways to save themselves from this. Therefore, the members try to establish a society of European countries that do not change into a country and simultaneously defend the members and their sovereignties. The realization of this idea is still a secret among politicians. This study analyzes this secret.

Energy, and the issues related to it, are among the most important topics in the European Union. Among the most central concerns in the European Union are the prospects for the provision and transfer of energy to Europe’s industries and economy. The existence of realities such as the increasing rate of energy consumption and the consequent rise in the Union’s dependence on fossil fuel imports, have all led to the European Union’s concerns regarding energy supply and security. Such a noteworthy dependence has drawn the attention of the European Union towards the adoption of common and long-term policies for reducing the risks and challenges surrounding energy security. The European Union’s concerns regarding Russia’s economic and political hegemony over energy resources in Central Asia and the Caucasus, have resulted in the Union’s quest for diversifying the routs used for the transfer of its energy and gas. Therefore, the Nabucco project which is one of the European Union’s projects concerning the diversification of suppliers of gas to the Union’s members, should be examined in the framework of the mentioned discourse. The main question raised by this article is that why European Union have followed diversifying its energy resources in recent years? The article is based on this hypothesis that the EU concerns regarding Russian monopoly on energy resources of Central Asia and Caucasus has led this block to diversify its energy resources and Nabucco Pipeline is one of its recent projects and routes for fulfilling this goal and reducing the risks and challenges for energy security.

Established in 1997, GUAM regional organization consisted of republics including Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraine, and Moldavia mainly was aimed to undermine Russia dominance through regional cooperation and convergence as well as making bonds with organizations such as NATO and the EU. To consolidate its activities and accomplish specific objective, the organization faced difficulties and impediments. Induced by a variety of factors including inconsistencies within the organization and among the members as well as external geopolitical reasons, these hindrances spoiled the perspective of successful, efficient cooperation including the process of expanding the relations with the EU. Similarly, from the EU viewpoint the obstacles have made GUAM a less interesting potential partner, while this contradiction is considered to be a “big problem.” Although there was much hope for GUAM to become a key player in the region after being acknowledged as an official organization in 2006, in the recent years no significant progress and improvement in the organization have been cited. In fact, EU regional initiatives are still considered as the mutual complementary cooperation between EU and the regional countries. Despite other regional organizations, Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) is not given much significance in the EU regional strategy.